{"id":16649,"date":"2026-04-01T13:56:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T13:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jet-mills.com\/?p=16649"},"modified":"2026-04-01T13:56:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T13:56:40","slug":"energy-consumption-jet-milling-vs-ball-milling-for-high-purity-alumina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jet-mills.com\/vi\/energy-consumption-jet-milling-vs-ball-milling-for-high-purity-alumina\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: So s\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng tia kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng bi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi alumina c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t alumina \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (HPA) mang hai r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: alumina l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n. Th\u1ee9 hai, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m: c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao. 4N (99,99%) d\u00e0nh cho m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, 5N (99,999%) d\u00e0nh cho ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang LED v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh phay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c<\/a> v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n bi g\u1ed1m cho HPA d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c PSD v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kilogram. B\u1ed9t EPIC<\/a> M\u00e1y m\u00f3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t HPA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y k\u00e9o theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u2014 m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi th\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eaft, crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng HPA c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t \u2014 phay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c<\/a> V\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 \u2014 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

"Alumina \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao" th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u2014 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f4m oxit \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Al2O3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m oxit ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Al2O3<\/strong><\/td>T\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
HPA-3N<\/td>99.9%<\/td>< 1.000 ppm<\/td>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ch\u1ea5t mang x\u00fac t\u00e1c, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td><\/tr>
HPA-4N<\/td>99.99%<\/td>< 100 ppm<\/td>M\u00e0ng ng\u0103n pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ph\u1ed1t pho<\/td><\/tr>
HPA-5N<\/td>99.999%<\/td>< 10 ppm<\/td>Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang LED, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 quang h\u1ecdc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt t\u1eeb 3N l\u00ean 4N v\u00e0 5N kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u1ede m\u1ee9c 3N, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi l\u00f3t g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. \u1ede m\u1ee9c 4N v\u00e0 5N, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi th\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra 200-500 ppm Fe m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 4N b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh ch\u1ebf \u1edf kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n HPA \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tia n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao (Jet Milling) cho HPA: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n kh\u00ed n\u00e9n t\u1ea7ng s\u00f4i, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t HPA th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao (200-400 m\/s). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn duy nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng nghi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh bu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t g\u1ed1m. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean h\u1ea1t \u2014 m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n HPA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng tia kh\u00ed n\u00e9n ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00ed n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c nit\u01a1 \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 5-8 bar \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t mang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u00e9n l\u00e0m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HPA \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (D50 1-5 micron), m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n tia kh\u00ed n\u00e9n t\u1ea7ng s\u00f4i x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 80-160 kWh\/t\u1ea5n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau D50 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HPA, v\u00ec HPA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $25-80\/kg t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u2013 chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 160 kWh\/t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 $0.10\/kWh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 $16\/t\u1ea5n, hay $0.016\/kg, so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 $25-80\/kg. Chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HPA cao c\u1ea5p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng tia kh\u00ed n\u00e9n, khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t HPA kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng PSD cho HPA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tia kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t PSD tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho HPA. B\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n D50 v\u00e0 D97 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau D50 t\u1eeb 0,5-5 micron d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u2014 D97 d\u01b0\u1edbi 8 micron \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n pin m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HPA c\u1ea5p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (5N) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u D50 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 micron, gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tia kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4 kh\u1ea3 thi duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u1ec1n bi g\u1ed1m cho HPA: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi l\u00f3t g\u1ed1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n alumina ho\u1eb7c zirconia trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ed1ng quay l\u00f3t g\u1ed1m. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t HPA. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c va ch\u1ea1m ng\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng tia kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HPA \u1edf D50 3-15 micron, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi g\u1ed1m trong m\u1ea1ch k\u00edn v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng 30-70 kWh\/t\u1ea5n \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt h\u01a1n 40-60% so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n tia \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: \u1edf D50 10 micron, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 50% so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n tia. \u1ede D50 1-2 micron, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn (t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3m khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n alumina ho\u1eb7c zirconia trong m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n l\u00f3t alumina, v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i HPA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec1n alumina trong m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi l\u00f3t alumina d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd HPA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n